{"id":10,"date":"2014-11-04T15:47:39","date_gmt":"2014-11-04T14:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dessign.fr\/JUDO\/2014\/11\/04\/dojo\/"},"modified":"2023-05-24T10:28:21","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T08:28:21","slug":"dojo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dessign.fr\/JUDO\/dojo\/","title":{"rendered":"Dojo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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le \u00ab\u00a0DOJO\u00a0\u00bb endroit o\u00f9 l’on pratique les arts martiaux : Judo, A\u00efkido, Karat\u00e9, Kendo, Iaido…<\/p>\n

Le dojo (\u9053\u5834, d\u014dj\u014d?) est le lieu consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la pratique des bud\u014d ou \u00e0 la m\u00e9ditation bouddhiste zen.
Litt\u00e9ralement en japonais, d\u014d signifie la voie (c’est le m\u00eame caract\u00e8re que letao chinois), le d\u014dj\u014d est le lieu o\u00f9 l’on \u00e9tudie\/cherche la voie.
Historiquement le dojo \u00e9tait la salle du temple religieux. Ces grandes salles ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es par la suite pour l’enseignement des arts martiaux. Dans le cas du dojo o\u00f9 l’on \u00e9tudie les arts martiaux comme dans le cas des dojos servant de centre de m\u00e9ditation bouddhiste, des r\u00e8gles strictes sont institu\u00e9es. Le dojo est un lieu o\u00f9 l’on progresse. Cette progression est obligatoirement supervis\u00e9e et contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par un ma\u00eetre. <\/p>\n

Les 4 bases d\u2019un DOJO
 <\/span>Traditionnellement, le dojo ob\u00e9it \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles concernant son orientation. Le c\u00f4t\u00e9 honorifique, dit kamiza (\u4e0a\u5ea7?, lit. le c\u00f4t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9) est situ\u00e9 face au Sud. Le kamiza (\u00e9galement nomm\u00e9 Shomen ou Joseki) est le plus souvent d\u00e9cor\u00e9 d’une calligraphie, de sabres, d’un portrait ou de tout autre objet symbolique de la discipline enseign\u00e9e. L’enseignant s’assied dos au kamiza. C’est aussi de ce c\u00f4t\u00e9 qu’est plac\u00e9 un invit\u00e9 de marque. Le mur d’en face est le shimoza (\u4e0b\u5ea7?, lit. c\u00f4t\u00e9 bas), o\u00f9 sont assis les \u00e9l\u00e8ves. Ceux-ci sont rang\u00e9s selon un ordre coutumier, qui m\u00e9lange souvent le grade et l’anciennet\u00e9 dans la pratique de la discipline ou dans le dojo. Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves les plus anciens sont \u00e0 la gauche de l’enseignant (\u00e0 l’Est, donc), les d\u00e9butants \u00e0 l’Ouest. C’est \u00e9galement \u00e0 l’Ouest que sont plac\u00e9s les visiteurs \u00e9ventuels, tandis que les assistants de l’enseignant s’asseyent dos au c\u00f4t\u00e9 Est de la salle.
Cette orientation a une signification symbolique. Assis face au Sud, l’enseignant re\u00e7oit en plein la lumi\u00e8re du soleil, qui est la connaissance qu’il doit transmettre. Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves, eux, ne peuvent voir cette lumi\u00e8re qu’au travers de la r\u00e9flexion qu’en offre l’enseignant, qui se doit donc d’\u00eatre le miroir le plus fid\u00e8le possible. Les pratiquants anciens sont du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du soleil levant : de par leur anciennet\u00e9, ils commencent \u00e0 comprendre les principes essentiels de leur discipline, alors que les d\u00e9butants sont encore dans l’ombre.<\/p>\n

Le placement des invit\u00e9s du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des d\u00e9butants est \u00e9galement un h\u00e9ritage historique. Quand il existait de nombreuses \u00e9coles concurrentes, mettre les invit\u00e9s du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des d\u00e9butants et loin des anciens rendait difficile aux \u00e9ventuels espions envoy\u00e9s par les autres \u00e9coles de voir les techniques particuli\u00e8res \u00e0 ce dojo (toutes les techniques \u00e9tant alors r\u00e9put\u00e9es secr\u00e8tes).<\/p>\n

Un lieu et place est d\u00e9termin\u00e9, selon l\u2019individu qui vient au DOJO.
Le KAMIZA est la place d\u2019honneur r\u00e9serv\u00e9e au SHUMEN et aux invit\u00e9s de marques.
En face, le SHIMOZA est la place des spectateurs, ainsi que le lieu d\u2019o\u00f9 les plus haut grad\u00e9s se placent.
Le JOSEKI est la place des juges et enseignant.
En face le SHIMOZEKI est la place des \u00e9l\u00e8ves par ordre d\u00e9croissant depuis le SHIMOZA vers le KAMIZA.<\/p>\n

Aujourd’hui, au Japon comme en France, ce sont avant tout des consid\u00e9rations pratiques qui r\u00e8glent l’orientation du dojo (configuration du b\u00e2timent), et les r\u00e8gles traditionnelles de placement des \u00e9l\u00e8ves sont in\u00e9galement appliqu\u00e9es selon les disciplines et les enseignants. Ainsi, certains enseignants consid\u00e8rent que le placement hi\u00e9rarchique renforce la fiert\u00e9 (l’ego) et doit \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9 ; d’autres estiment que le pratiquant doit conna\u00eetre sa juste place dans le dojo et donc respecter le placement.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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